RE: Teaching English Abroad
I have been living and teaching in Korea since 2011. I’ve taught at language schools the whole time, but I’ve met people teaching in a variety of situations. This write-up is a mix of my own firsthand knowledge and things I’ve learned from my friends, various other forums, and job boards. The English teaching industry in Korea is quite developed so there are a variety of options if you want to teach English here. Personally, I think teaching English is a great way to start living abroad, as it’s a developed country with modern transportation and infrastructure, plus you can get cheap flights to anywhere in Asia from Incheon int’l airport (ICN). I'm moving on to Vietnam in August, so I put some info on getting a work permit down at the bottom
ESL Teaching in Korea - The Basics
For Korea, the bare minimum qualifications are a BA/BS (any subject) from a university in one of 7 English-speaking countries (USA, Canada, UK, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand), passport from one of those same 7 countries, clean criminal background check (FBI check for Americans), and pass a NIDA-5 drug test & AIDS test. Your degree and criminal background check have to be notarized & apostilled by the State Department/Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the country where you live in order to get the visa.
Unfortunately, if you aren't a citizen from one of those 7 countries and didn't go to university in one of those 7 countries, you are ineligible for a E-2 teaching visa, and Korea isn't the kind of place where you can work for cash and do visa runs every 90 days - you will get caught.
If your parents are Korean citizens, or you have dual nationality, you can get a different visa (F4), but you still need to have graduated from university in one of the above 7 countries or you cannot get permission from the Ministry of Education to teach, which means you'd be working semi-legally. Though if you're Korean-American and speak fluent Korean you’d have access to bigger/better opportunities in business, technology, finance, etc., thanks to your visa, so you could do something other than teaching
The Perks
The main perks to Korea (besides some of the hottest women in Asia and quick/cheap flights to Southeast Asia, the Philippines, Japan & China) are the pay & benefits. Any job should offer you:
- round-trip airfare to Korea at the beginning of your contract, and to your home country at the end of your contract;
- housing, either provided or a rent allowance + key deposit money - the deposit is crucial because even a studio apartment outside Seoul requires a $5-10,000 deposit;
- Korean national health insurance which covers most non-serious medical issues with just a small co-pay on your part, even one teeth cleaning per year at the dentist. The premiums are about 6% of your gross salary, split 50/50 between you and the employer;
- Korean national pension, which if you are from the USA or Canada, you can claim back as a lump sum when you leave Korea. This is 9% of your gross pay each month, split 50/50 between you and your employer, so you are getting free money with this;
- A 1-month salary bonus at the end of a 12-month contract - this is required by Korean law for all contract jobs, and it accumulates at the rate of 1 month salary per year worked if you work for more than one year for the same employer, so 2 years = 2 month’s salary bonus, 3 years = 3 month’s salary bonus, etc.
- The starting salaries aren’t spectacular in Korea - 2.1-2.2 million krw/month, which is about US$1900-2000. Higher-paying jobs can be found if you look hard enough, but you usually need experience.
Recruiters
If you are overseas, you are probably stuck with using a recruiter if you want to work at a language school or after-school program. Some language schools will hire directly, as will international schools. Recruiters do not work for you. They are paid a fee by the school for recruiting you. As such, it is in the recruiter’s best interest to make every job sound like the best job in the world. Treat them like used car dealers - check out the jobs (cars) they have on offer, if you like something, check it out. Always ask to speak to a current expat teacher, and get a personal email or phone number/skype ID if you can - otherwise, you might just be emailing the management of the hagwon. Unfortunately, you cannot trust the owner/manager of the school, or any native Korean teachers, as they will lie to you about the conditions of the school/students/job in order to get you to sign on.
If it seems like this recruiter’s jobs are sketchy, dump them and find another recruiter. Generally, though, the jobs recruiters have are not that great, but they are a means of getting you to Korea for a year to teach, travel, and chase skirts. After your first year, you should have made some friends and contacts that can help you find a better job. The main advantage to recruiters is you can tell them what sort of job you want - type, salary, location, etc - and they will try to find something similar. Some are absolute tools though: you tell them you want a middle school job in Seoul, and they offer you a kindergarten job in the middle of nowhere out in the provinces.
Public schools have their own recruiting/admin organization - the 3 I’m aware of are EPIK (English Program in Korea), GEPIK (Gyeonggi English Program in Korea), or JLP (Jeolla-do Language Program). I believe the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education (SMOE) recruits for its public schools separately from these others, but I’m not 100% sure.
If you want to work at a public school in Korea, beware that you cannot choose your location - they will choose it for you. You can express a preference, but there is zero guarantee you will get placed in your preferred location. I do know that getting placed in a Seoul public school is very difficult because 1. Everyone wants to be in Seoul since it’s the biggest/most important city in Korea, 2. most people who hold those jobs stay in them for several years, and 3. when leaving, the current teacher usually passes the job along to people in their network. Some public schools hire directly, using a recruiter.
The Jobs
Teaching jobs in Korea fall into 6 categories: language schools, adult language schools/business English, public schools, after-school programs, universities, and international schools. 1-on-1 private tutoring is widely available, but illegal - get caught by immigration and you’ll be fined/deported or possibly banged up in an immigration detention center if you cannot pay your fine. Many, many people still tutor despite this risk, as the going rate is 50,000krw/hour (just under US$50)
Private Language Schools (hagwons)
Private language schools are really hit or miss, some great, others terrible. They are all for-profit businesses, which means teaching and learning come second to making money by keeping the kids entertained and the parents happy, which are sometimes mutually exclusive goals and can present some challenges if you aren’t socially savvy. Each language school (called "hagwon" in Korean) caters to different age groups, most are for kindergarten/younger elementary up to middle school.
The working hours vary - for kindergarten/elementary it’ll be 9am-6pm, for older students it could be 1pm-9pm, 2pm-10pm, etc. Good schedule if you like to party during the week. I've been lucky and worked at 2 good language schools and only 1 bad one. Do your research before taking a job - always talk to an expat teacher using their personal email and read what you can on forums like Dave’s ESL cafe, Waygook.org, etc.
There are language schools in basically every city in Korea, from Seoul on down to tiny little villages out in the provinces, so if you are willing to deal with the challenges of working for a for-profit school, you can pick whichever sort of city you want in Korea. Salaries also vary, from 2.1million KRW/month up to 3.0million or more if it’s a boutique, SAT prep hagwon in Gangnam or Daechi - it’s all down to how well you sell yourself and negotiate.
There are also adult language schools - Wall Street English, YBM, and Princeton Review are the big ones. The adult students are usually university students or office workers; sometimes just random adults who want to learn English. These can be bad because they want you to work a split shift - something like 6am-10am, then 6pm-10pm, Monday to Friday, and maybe even Saturday work. If you survive that for a year, they might give you an 8-5 block - maybe. Princeton Review only does 8-5 block schedules if I remember correctly (I interviewed with them once) but at certain times of the year they require/request a lot of overtime.
If you have a business background you can get jobs as a corporate tutor, either freelance or (with networking) in-house tutor for management/sales/executives. Had a friend who taught business English in-house and had some wild stories about nights out with his students (and the corporate credit card). Google business clubs or room salons in Korea. These jobs are easier to find by networking once you’re in Korea, by starting off working at an adult hagwon, or on craigslist.
Public Schools
Public schools want a 120 hour TEFL certificate, with 20 of those hours done in-person (20 hours not online). These jobs are more stable - rarely any issues with pay or schools randomly closing or firing you for no reason. 14-20 vacation days a year, no work on weekends, all national holidays off, plus a settling-in allowance of a few hundred dollars. Salaries range from 2.2million KRW to start, up to 2.7million KRW with experience & teaching credential or TEFL certificate.
However, you will likely have to desk warm - your vacation time is less than the actual school vacation, so you'll be require to come into school and sit at your desk from 8-5 when there are no students and no other teachers either. You are basically free to do whatever you want during this time from what friends have told me, but there will be some admin person there to make sure you actually show up. Also, your classes will have a wide range of English abilities, which can be difficult to manage if you’re an inexperienced teacher.
Most public middle schools and high schools have ceased hiring native-speaking English teachers, so it's pretty much all elementary schools now, and you could get placed at a school in the middle of nowhere that's hours away from Seoul or Busan, so you may be bored out of your mind or love it, depending on your personality.
After-school programs
Public schools also have after-school programs. These are contracted out to private education companies, who hire you to go teach at a given school's after-school program. The working hours are usually 10-4, 11-5 - something like that - 4-6 hours a day. You get paid a full-time salary though, and you get the same vacations as public school teachers (14-20 days a year), always weekends off. I had several friends who worked for after-school programs, private tutored on the side and took home around 3.5million KRW/month, saving a good chunk of that too. However, you’re going to be teaching elementary school kids, and have classes that have a wide range of English abilities, which can be difficult to manage if you’re an inexperienced teacher.
Universities
For universities, you need a master's at minimum - preferably in TESOL or Applied Linguistics. They also want to see 2 years experience teaching adults. These jobs are becoming more competitive and less attractive. Salaries are stagnating, vacation time decreasing, working hours increasing. You probably won't get hired abroad for a university unless you've got a PhD with publications, and are currently teaching at a university in your home country. Better to come to Korea and build a network to get a shot at uni jobs, especially if your master's is unrelated to English or TESOL and you don't have previous university or adult teaching experience.
Still, if you get a good university job you should be earning 2.7-3.0+million KRW/month, plus a housing allowance. A good university job should have you teaching from 12-16 class hours a week, and there are opportunities to earn overtime by teaching more classes.
NB -Some universities run their own language school, which teach all ages from kindergarten-adults. Beware that some recruiters or job ads will mislead you, tricking you to believe you’ll be teaching at a university and when you arrive, you find out you’re actually only teaching at the university’s language school, working 40+ hours a week with 10 days vacation.
International Schools
International schools want you to have a teaching credential from your home country + 2 years experience teaching in a public or private school. At the better schools, the benefits are top-notch & good salaries on offer - sometimes split between KRW and USD/GBP/EUR - your choice. Salaries range from US$2500-4000/month if you have experience and certification in a highly desireable subject, like math or chemistry/physics/biology. If you have administrative experience (Principal, VP, counselor), you could be looking at a fair bit more. Lots of vacation, holidays, opportunities for professional development & move up to administration or school leadership if you're motivated & talented as a teacher.
This isn’t just in Korea - there are international schools in every country on Earth. If you have a teaching credential and experience, you can probably find a job teaching your subject or grade in any country you like. If you get into the top-tier schools, you’ll be teaching the children of diplomats, MNC executives, and the local upper class, and you’ll be compensated well with all sorts of extra perks - some schools give you roundtrip airfare to you home country every year, so you can visit home in the summer if you like. There are specialized recruiting/job database services catering to international schools - Search Associates, International Schools Services (ISS), and the Times of International Education (TIE) - also the Times Educational Supplement (TES) has jobs for teachers trained in the UK National Curriculum. International schools are where I'm trying to move into - I earned my middle school/high school history teaching credential while working in Korea, and I'll be starting a new job in August at an international school in Vietnam.
Vietnam
I’m headed here in August, so I don’t have personal knowledge of the teaching scene yet. What I can say is, the work permit document requirements for Vietnam are a giant pain in the ass - more so than Korea. According to my new school's HR department, you need:
- a BA,
- teaching credential/TEFL certificate,
- criminal background check no older than 6 months,
- and (possibly) letters proving work experience.
These all these have to be notarized, authenticated by the Department of State/Ministry of Foreign Affairs of your country, and then legalized at the Vietnamese Embassy in your country which costs $50 per document, nevermind the money you already spent getting notarizations and authentications.
I have to get a work permit as a condition of my employment (and I am getting reimbursed for all costs), but I hear from my friends in Vietnam that it is possible to get jobs that pay cash and don’t require a work permit, but you’ll be doing visa runs every 3 months. However, the Vietnamese government is cracking down on illegal workers, and fining/deporting people, so beware if you choose to work without a permit.
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