RE: Need to help a friend (serious advice)
People who are deeply depressed and withdrawing from life can be very difficult to help. It's rarely simple, and often their whole mind can need unraveling back to normal. It is always better to intervene at the earliest possible stage, but often these people avoid help and don't speak their problems (for a variety of reasons), and it slowly deteriorates.
These people should never be asked things like 'what is wrong'. That does nothing but remind them that the people around them think 'something is wrong with them'. Strictly avoid. Unfortunately, it's one of the number one things that 'people trying to help' do. If they didn't open up early in the problem, they won't open up now.
One core question that you need to tease out of them, as indirectly as possible, is:
"What are the things you want, which you do not have, which therefore make you unhappy".
Once you have this, you have to give advice, as indirectly as possible (they will withdraw at any suspicion you are 'talking down' to them, 'patronizing' them, or making them feel inferior). Thus all advice must be made to sound as un-advice like as possible, and as general and non-personal as possible.
E.g. if he is depressed because he hasn't got a girl, the last thing you should do is say 'I will help you get a girl'. In his mind, that is mockery. You could frame it as him needing to help you, e.g. you accompanying him to a bar or whatever.
The direction you need to take him, is to 'openness and engagement', and away from 'closedness and withdrawal'.
Motivational materials, like Tony Robbins, can help too, but these cannot be introduced by saying 'you should check this out', but rather 'I did this, and it was awesome for the following reasons' etc.
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